Investigation of the chromate conversion coating on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy: effect of the pH of the chromate bath

The parameters of the chromate bath, like temperature, pH, and fluoride content, strongly affect the morphology and chemical composition of the chromate conversion coating and as a consequence have a large influence on its corrosion performance. In this paper, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in combination with other techniques to investigate the role played by the pH of the chromate bath on the properties of the chromate film formed on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) have shown the formation of a thicker and less dense chromate layer when the pH of the chromate bath is changed from 2.4 to 1.2. The analysis of the EIS spectra have highlighted that this change in pH leads to the formation of more protective and more resistant chromate corrosion products (CCP) inside the defects of the chromate film. When a thin, dense and protective layer of CCP is formed in the defects, the corrosion behaviour of the chromate conversion coating improves for two main reason: (a) further attack of the defects is avoided or delayed; (b) the change in volume caused by the formation of the CCP is limited resulting in a low level of stress in the film, which as a consequence is not detached from the aluminium substrate.     

工业防爆技术与产品认证体系

叙述爆炸危险场所物质的分类、爆炸性气体的分级、分组和爆炸危险场所的区域划分,进而全面介绍我国接受的主要防爆技术、标准化成果,以及我国防爆安全规章、产品认证制度、申请程序和要求.     

北安市地下水资源状况与保护对策

概述了北安市地下水的分类、储量、区域分布与地下水水质状况;同时,提出地下水资源开发利用与保护对策.     

悬浮颗粒对砂岩储层吸水能力影响评价

悬浮颗粒含量和粒径是砂岩油藏注入水水质控制的主要指标之一,评价固相颗粒含量和粒径大小对注水地层吸水能力的影响对于确定合理注入水水质指标十分重要.利用正交试验原理,通过系列实验,系统评价了注入水中固相颗粒含量、粒径、岩芯渗透率及注入孔隙体积之间的相互作用及其对储层渗透性能的影响,利用非线性回归分析技术,通过回归方程获得了储层孔喉与"无伤害"颗粒粒径之间的规律关系,取得了有益的结论,对于油田制定合理的水质控制指标、预测吸水能力变化和制定增注措施具有重要指导意义.     

继电保护整定计算的危险点分析

从分析继电保护整定计算的特点入手,分析了对继电保护整定计算工作的要求,阐明了继电保护整定计算的任务,提出了四个继电保护整定计算工作中的危险点,使整定计算工作者在工作中能够抓住重点和难点,提高工作效率。     

A method for evaluating fault coverage using simulated fault injection for digitalized systems in nuclear power plants

The fault coverage for digital system in nuclear power plants is evaluated using a simulated fault injection method. Digital systems have numerous advantages, such as hardware elements share and hardware replication of the needed number of independent channels. However, the application of digital systems to safety-critical systems in nuclear power plants has been limited due to reliability concerns. In the reliability issues, fault coverage is one of the most important factors. In this study, we propose an evaluation method of the fault coverage for safety-critical digital systems in nuclear power plants. The system under assessment is a local coincidence logic processor for a digital plant protection system at Ulchin nuclear power plant units 5 and 6. The assessed system is simplified and then a simulated fault injection method is applied to evaluate the fault coverage of two fault detection mechanisms. From the simulated fault injection experiment, the fault detection coverage of the watchdog timer is 44.2% and that of the read only memory (ROM) checksum is 50.5%. Our experiments show that the fault coverage of a safety-critical digital system is effectively quantified using the simulated fault injection method.     

Surface modification of biodegradable plastics by ion beams

Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He⁺ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar⁺ ion bombardment. He⁺ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics.     

励磁变压器的选型及保护方式配置

简单介绍了励磁变压器的结构类型,从额定容量、额定电压值、接线组别、绝缘等级及温升、阻抗电压、短路电流过载能力等方面阐述了励磁变压器技术参数的确定,着重论述了励磁变压器差动保护、过电压保护及过电流保护的配置问题,以期为一些静止自励系统工程引为参考和借鉴。     

DSP56800系列在电力测控系统中的应用

本文阐述了MotorolaDSP56800系列的主要特点与优势;并进一步介绍了DSP56800系列在电力配网自动化领域微机综合保护中的应用与设计。提出了一种基于DSP56F807的综合保护装置的解决方案并介绍了该保护装置的硬件设计思想。该保护装置充分体现了DSP56F807的优点,具有很高的稳定性和可靠性。     

变电站35kV系统小电阻接地方案研究

根据变电站35kV负荷的性质,提出经小电阻接地的方案,并在进行充分分析的基础上,重点介绍了中性点电阻接入系统的方式:接地变直接接于主变△线圈引线,经Z型接地变中性点接小电阻接地;Z型接地变经高压开关接在35kV母线上。还介绍了接地变及电阻柜的选择、保护配置和设计的原则,为今后35kV系统经小电阻接地的改造提供了成功的运行经验。